1.Inspection and Identification: Jafri Rugs carefully inspected to assess the extent of the moth damage. This involves checking the front and back of the rug for signs of infestation.

·        Moth Treatment: The rug would be treated to eliminate any remaining moths and eggs. This usually involves a deep fumigation process using eco-friendly chemicals or freezing the rug to kill any pests.

·        Re-weaving or Repairing Damaged Areas: The affected areas would likely require Jafri’s weavers reweaving the entire field. The damaged wool would be carefully removed, and new wool fibers, typically dyed to match the original, would be woven into the affected areas to restore the rug's appearance.

2. Worn and Faded Areas of the rug

As an example the is a central feature in Persian rugs, and significant wear or fading can take away from the rug’s beauty and value.

·        Color Restoration: To restore the faded vegetable and chrome dyes, Jafri’s first class weavers dyeing techniques may be employed. This could involve carefully re-dyeing the  area using natural dyes or color-safe synthetic dyes. This process is done with precision to match the original hues and avoid dye bleeding.

·        Reweaving/Restoration: If the medallion’s pattern is worn down to the point of damage, Jafri’s weavers had to reweave the intricate design. This involves painstakingly replicating the original design and colors.

3. Fringe and Binding Unraveling

The fringe and the binding are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and aesthetic of the rug.

·        Fringe Repair or Replacement: The unraveling fringe would need to be reattached or replaced, depending on the extent of the damage. Jafri’s weavers often restore the fringe by knotting it back into place using similar fibers (wool or silk, depending on the rug’s original material). If the fringe is too damaged, it might need to be completely replaced.

·        Binding Reinforcement: The edges and binding would also be repaired. This could involve stitching new binding material (usually wool or cotton) onto the rug’s edges, followed by a careful reinforcement of the stitching to prevent further unraveling. A careful color match is essential to keep the aesthetic intact.

4. Wool Pilling

Pilling happens when fibers get tangled and form small balls of fuzz, which can occur naturally over time with wool rugs.

·        Shaving the Rug: Pilling can be removed through a careful process of shaving. Special tools or razors designed for rugs are used to gently remove the pill without damaging the fibers underneath. The professional would carefully go over the rug to ensure the pilling is removed evenly, leaving the wool in good condition.

·        Deep Cleaning: After shaving off the pilling, the rug would undergo a deep cleaning to remove any remaining loose fibers and dirt. This would also help restore the softness of the wool.

Additional Steps in the Restoration Process:

·        Deep Cleaning: Once the repairs are done, the rug would be carefully cleaned using appropriate techniques for Persian rugs. This would likely involve hand-washing the rug with a gentle, wool-safe detergent to remove dirt, oils, and any debris, followed by rinsing and drying.

·        Final Inspection: After repairs, the rug would undergo a final inspection to ensure that all issues (moth damage, wear, pilling, etc.) have been properly addressed. Any minor touch-ups or final adjustments would be made.

Challenges and Considerations:

·        Color Consistency: With moth damage, fading, or re-dyeing, matching the original color and design of the rug is critical. Artisans skilled in Persian rug restoration use specific techniques to ensure that the restoration looks seamless and authentic.

·        Preservation of Value: Since Persian rugs can be valuable, every step must prioritize both cleaning and repairing the rug in a way that preserves its authenticity and market value.

This process would likely take a fair amount of time—typically several weeks—due to the level of care required for the repairs and the need for thorough cleaning and drying. Professional rug restoration requires great expertise, especially for an heirloom-quality piece like a Persian Kashan.

Would you like more specific details about any of these steps?

Restoring a Persian rug requires skill and care to maintain its integrity and value. Persian rugs are known for their durability and intricate patterns, often made from wool or silk, with a dense weave. Without having proper weavers in place who understand the motifs and type of wool to restore the rug you can diminish the value of the rug and destroy the rug.

Jafri Oriental Rugs has serviced Dutchess County for over 45 years

The second image shows the rug completely restored

Jafri Rug Restoration fixed this rug by applying its professional museum-quality antique rug cleaning process step-by-step:

1. Inspection & Documentation

A specialist first examines the rug to determine:

• Age, origin, weave style

  
  



• Fiber type (wool, silk, cotton foundation, etc.)

  
  



• Dye stability (natural vegetable dyes vs synthetic dyes)

  
  



• Fragile areas: worn patches, dry rot, loose fringe, holes, moth damage

  
  



• Previous repairs or color touch-ups

  
  

Why it matters: Antique rugs often have unstable dyes and delicate foundations. The cleaning process is tailored based on the following factors: fabric, type of dye used, age of rug

2. Dry Soil Removal (Dusting)

This is one of the most important steps.

• Gentle vibrating dusting machines

  
  



• Air dusting / compressed air

This removes the following:

• Packed dust

  
  



• Sand/grit

  
  



• Allergens

  
  



• Moth larvae and eggs

  
  

Why it matters: Up to 70% of soil in antique rugs is dry particulate that tears fibers if washed without dusting.

3. Colorfastness Testing

Before any washing:

• Each dye color (reds, blues, greens, blacks) is tested with water and mild detergent.

  
  



• If dyes are unstable, cleaners apply dye stabilizers or choose a dry-cleaning or low-moisture method.

  
  

Why it matters: Natural dyes can bleed or fade; this prevents damage.

4. Specialty Hand Wash (Traditional Bath)

Most high-end cleaners wash antique rugs by hand, never by machine.

Steps:

1. Rug is submerged in a cool-water wash pit.

   
   



2. Olive oil wool-safe shampoo from Italy is gently applied, no harsh chemicals are applied as that can cause color run/color bleeding

   
   



3. Both sides of the rug are cleaned using soft brushes or hand tools.

   
   



4. Water is circulated to remove embedded dirt.

   
   

5. Rinse & Water Extraction

• Thorough rinsing removes soap residue that can attract dirt later.

  
  



• Water extraction is done by rolling, squeegeeing, or suction tools.

  
  



• No high-heat drying (which can shrink wool or warp foundations).

6. Controlled Drying

Antique rugs are dried:

• In climate-controlled rooms with proper airflow

  
  

Drying can take 24–48+ hours depending on the rug’s age and thickness.

7. Grooming & Fringe Care

After cleaning:

• Rug pile is brushed in its natural direction going the grain and fibers of the rug

  
  



• Fringe is hand-cleaned and straightened out with a comb

  
  

8. Repairs or Restoration

• Reweaving worn areas 

  
  



• Edge/selvage reinforcement

  
  



• Fringe repair or replacement

  
  



• Moth damage treatment

  
  



• Color restoration is used where actual dye and New Zealand worsted wool is used to bring back the original condition of the rug

9. Final Inspection

The rug is checked for:

• Even pile direction

  
  



• Clean fringe

  
  



• No soap residue

  
  



• No odor

  
  



• Proper color stability

  
  



• Smooth, flat drying

Why Antique Rugs Need Special Care?

Antique rugs are different because:

• Natural vegetable dyes can bleed

  
  



• Wool fibers become brittle with age

  
  



• Cotton foundations shrink easily

  
  



• Hand-knotted structure can loosen

  
  



• Value (sometimes thousands of dollars) depends on condition

  
  

Machine carpet cleaning or steam cleaning can destroy antique rugs.

1. Initial Inspection & Documentation

A specialist begins by:

• 
  

  Inspecting the rug’s condition: identifying damage (loose loops, stains, dry or brittle backing, etc.).

  
  


• 
  

  Testing dyes for colorfastness using damp blotting methods.

  
  


• 
  

  Assessing structure: determining whether the rug is hooked through burlap, linen, or cotton backing — critical for cleaning method choice.

  
  


• 
  

  Photographing before cleaning to document condition.

  
  

Goal: Ensure the rug can safely undergo wet or dry cleaning without fiber loss or dye bleeding.

2. Dry Soil Removal ("Dusting")

Before washing, the rug is cleaned of dust, sand, and debris that have settled between loops.

Methods include:

• 
  

  Vacuuming gently from the back with a screen over the surface (to avoid pulling loops).

  
  


• 
  

  Compressed air or vibration tables for deeper dust removal.

  
  


• 
  

  No beater bar or rotary brushes — these can tear hooked loops.

  
  

Goal: Remove embedded grit that can damage fibers during washing.

3. Pre-Treatment & Stain Work

• 
  

  Stains (especially pet or food) are treated with wool-safe, pH-neutral solutions.

  
  


• 
  

  Oils or sticky residues may require spot work with mild solvents or enzyme cleaners — tested first for safety.

  
  


• 
  

  Areas of weakened backing are temporarily stabilized with netting or stitching before immersion.

  
  

Goal: Lift stains gently without chemical or mechanical stress on the loops or backing.

4. Hand Washing

The rug is washed flat, never in a drum or agitation machine.

Process:

1. 
   

   The rug is placed on a clean, flat wash floor.

   
   


2. 
   

   A mild olive oil shampoo is gently applied with sponges or soft brushes.

   
   


3. 
   

   Water is cold or slightly cool to prevent shrinkage or bleeding.

   
   


4. 
   

   Both sides are hand-cleaned, taking care not to distort hooked loops.

Goal: Clean deeply while preserving texture, fiber integrity, and shape.

5. Rinsing

• 
  

  The rug is rinsed several times until all detergent residue is removed.

  
  


• 
  

  Cleaners often use low-pressure water and absorbent wands to draw out remaining moisture.

  
  


• 
  

  Excess water is carefully squeezed out (never wrung or twisted).

  Goal: Remove all soap to prevent re-soiling or stiffness.

6. Drying

• 
  

  The rug is laid flat on a drying surface or screen.

  
  


• 
  

  Fans and dehumidifiers ensure slow, even drying.

  
  


• 
  

  The rug is reshaped (“blocked”) during drying to prevent curling or shrinkage.

  
  


• 
  

  Sunlight and heat are avoided — UV fades dyes and can weaken backing fibers.

  Goal: Dry evenly to retain original dimensions and prevent distortion.

7. Final Grooming

• 
  

  Loops are gently lifted and aligned using a soft brush or hook.

  
  


• 
  

  Light vacuuming (with a brushless tool) removes surface fluff.

  
  


• 
  

  A textile conditioner or fiber softener (wool-safe) may be applied lightly.

  
  

Goal: Restore natural texture, sheen, and softness.

PROFESSIONAL REPAIR & RESTORATION PROCESS

1. Structural Assessment

• 
  

  Determine if the backing (often burlap or linen) is intact or brittle.

  
  


• 
  

  Identify areas where loops have pulled out or worn away.

  
  


• 
  

  Mark damaged sections for patching or re-hooking.

  
  

2. Backing Repair or Replacement

• 
  

  If the backing is deteriorating, the conservator may replace or overlay it:

  
  
  
  
  • 
    

    The old burlap may be left in place and reinforced with new linen or cotton scrim.

    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    New backing is hand-stitched to maintain original tension and flexibility.

    
    
  
  
  
  

Goal: Provide new structural support without altering the rug’s appearance.

3. Re-Hooking or Re-Weaving

• 
  

  Missing loops are re-hooked by hand using yarn that matches fiber, color, and twist.

  
  


• 
  

  A rug hook is inserted through the backing to recreate the original pattern.

  
  


• 
  

  For antique rugs, undyed wool or hand-dyed yarns are used for authenticity.

  
  

🪡 Goal: Restore missing or damaged areas seamlessly.

4. Edge & Binding Repair

• 
  

  Frayed or unraveling edges are rebound with overcast stitches or new binding tape.

  
  


• 
  

  Corners are reinforced to prevent future pulling.

  
  


• 
  

  Binding is color-matched to the rug’s edge tones.

  
  

Goal: Prevent further unraveling and restore structural integrity.

5. Color & Surface Restoration (Optional)

• 
  

  Faded sections can be retouched with textile-safe dyes or pigments, matched carefully to original shades.

  
  


• 
  

  Gentle steaming or pressing (through a protective cloth) may flatten minor ripples.

Restoring a Persian Kerman is an art and is all done by hand.

Jafri Rug restoration will do the following:

1.Inspection and Identification: Jafri Rugs carefully inspected to assess the extent of the moth damage. This involves checking the front and back of the rug for signs of infestation.

• Moth Treatment: The rug would be treated to eliminate any remaining moths and eggs. This usually involves a deep fumigation process using eco-friendly chemicals or freezing the rug to kill any pests.
• Re-weaving or Repairing Damaged Areas: The affected areas would likely require Jafri’s weavers reweaving the entire field. The damaged wool would be carefully removed, and new wool fibers, typically dyed to match the original, would be woven into the affected areas to restore the rug's appearance.

2. Worn and Faded Areas of the rug

As an example the medallion is a central feature in Persian rugs, and significant wear or fading can take away from the rug’s beauty and value.

• Color Restoration: To restore the faded vegetable and chrome dyes, Jafri’s first class weavers dyeing techniques may be employed. This could involve carefully re-dyeing the  area using natural dyes or color-safe synthetic dyes. This process is done with precision to match the original hues and avoid dye bleeding.
• Reweaving/Restoration: If the medallion’s pattern is worn down to the point of damage, Jafri’s weavers had to reweave the intricate design. This involves painstakingly replicating the original design and colors.

3. Fringe and Binding Unraveling

The fringe and the binding are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and aesthetic of the rug.

• Fringe Repair or Replacement: The unraveling fringe would need to be reattached or replaced, depending on the extent of the damage. Jafri’s weavers often restore the fringe by knotting it back into place using similar fibers (wool or silk, depending on the rug’s original material). If the fringe is too damaged, it might need to be completely replaced.
• Binding Reinforcement: The edges and binding would also be repaired. This could involve stitching new binding material (usually wool or cotton) onto the rug’s edges, followed by a careful reinforcement of the stitching to prevent further unraveling. A careful color match is essential to keep the aesthetic intact.

4. Wool Pilling

Pilling happens when fibers get tangled and form small balls of fuzz, which can occur naturally over time with wool rugs.

• Shaving the Rug: Pilling can be removed through a careful process of shaving. Special tools or razors designed for rugs are used to gently remove the pill without damaging the fibers underneath. The professional would carefully go over the rug to ensure the pilling is removed evenly, leaving the wool in good condition.
• Deep Cleaning: After shaving off the pilling, the rug would undergo a deep cleaning to remove any remaining loose fibers and dirt. This would also help restore the softness of the wool.

Additional Steps in the Restoration Process:

• Deep Cleaning: Once the repairs are done, the rug would be carefully cleaned using appropriate techniques for Persian rugs. This would likely involve hand-washing the rug with a gentle, wool-safe detergent to remove dirt, oils, and any debris, followed by rinsing and drying.
• Final Inspection: After repairs, the rug would undergo a final inspection to ensure that all issues (moth damage, wear, pilling, etc.) have been properly addressed. Any minor touch-ups or final adjustments would be made.